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Page 3 of 252
51
Which of the following statements in relation to NIRANTAR (National Institute for Research and Application of Natural Resources to Transform, Adapt and Build Resilience), a platform of institutions under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, is/are correct? 1. Ecosystem Survey and Analysis is a vertical under this platform, the lead institute of which is Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata. 2. Research and Management of Ecosystem Service is a vertical under this platform, the lead institute of which is Central Zoo Authority, New Delhi. 3. Capacity Development Support is a vertical under this platform, the lead institute of which is Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal. Select the answer using the code given below: a) 1, 2 and 3 b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 only d) 3 only
UPSC Prelims 2026 Environment
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52
Match List I with List II and select the answer using the code given below the Lists:
List I (INTERPOL Notice)
List II (Description)
A. Silver Notice 1. To seek information on unidentified bodies B. Blue Notice 2. To collect additional information about a person's identity, location, or activities in relation to a criminal investigation C. Black Notice 3. To provide warning about a person's criminal activities, where the person is considered to be possible threat to public safety D. Green Notice 4. To identify and trace criminal assets
Code: A B C D a) 3 1 2 4 b) 3 2 1 4 c) 4 2 1 3 d) 4 1 2 3
UPSC Prelims 2026 International Relations
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53
Identify the river of the Indian sub-continent on the basis of the following information: 1. It has an antecedent drainage system. 2. It flows through three countries. 3. It originates in the Tibetan Plateau and is an important river for irrigation. 4. It does not form distributaries. Select the answer from the following: a) Brahmaputra b) Indus c) Sutlej d) Teesta
UPSC Prelims 2026 Indian Geography
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54
In what way(s) does the Vizhinjam International Seaport represent a structural shift in India's maritime trade and logistics policy? 1. By functioning exclusively as a domestic cargo hub to reduce reliance on coastal shipping and eliminate the need for foreign collaborations. 2. By focusing primarily on passenger cruise tourism and heritage shipping to increase Kerala's profile as a maritime heritage destination. 3. By leveraging its natural deep draft and strategic location to reduce dependence on foreign trans-shipment ports, enhance revenue retention, and reposition India in regional maritime trade. Select the answer using the code given below: a) 1 only b) 1 and 2 c) 2 and 3 d) 3 only
UPSC Prelims 2026 Indian Economy
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55
Which of the following best explain(s) the rationale for protecting mangrove ecosystems in the context of climate resilience? 1. Mangroves reduce tidal energy and store freshwater, making them ideal sites for paddy cultivation in saline estuarine belts. 2. Their salt-sensitive roots filter seawater, making mangroves key to converting coastal land into freshwater aquaculture zones. 3. By withstanding tidal surges and offering biomass resources, mangroves function both as natural bio-shields and livelihood bases for rural communities. Select the answer using the code given below: a) 1 only b) 1 and 2 c) 2 and 3 d) 3 only
UPSC Prelims 2026 Environment
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56
With respect to the Western Hoolock Gibbons, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. A Sanctuary in North-east India is home to this ape species listed as Endangered in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. 2. They have specialized brachiation and can easily swing between trees. 3. They possess a strong and heavy build like gorillas, yet are remarkably agile tree climbers. Select the answer using the code given below: a) 1 only b) 1 and 2 c) 2 and 3 d) 3 only
UPSC Prelims 2026 Environment
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57
Consider the following statements with reference to India's response to climate change: I. India's Long-Term Low Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS) is a crucial tool for achieving net-zero emissions by 2070. II. India's 4th Biennial Update Report (BUR-4) submitted in December, 2024 recorded around 8% decrease in Greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 over 2019. III. Climate-resilient development necessarily depends on quick and short-term achievement of emission reduction targets. Which of the following relationships among the above statements is/are correct? 1. Statement I is empirically supported by statement II. 2. Statement III contradicts the approach implicit in statement I. 3. Statement I and statement III together establish the premise of long-term sustainability. Select the answer using the code given below: a) 1 only b) 1 and 2 c) 2 and 3 d) 3 only
UPSC Prelims 2026 Environment
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58
Which one of the following is the first Plan Vivo certified Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) project in India? a) Uttarakhand REDD+ project b) ICFRE-ICIMOD Transboundary REDD+ project in North-Eastern Himalayas c) Khasi Hills Community REDD+ project d) Sikkim Mamley Kamrang Community REDD+ project
UPSC Prelims 2026 Environment
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59
Which of the following statements with reference to Lake Turkana is/are correct? 1. It is the largest desert lake in the world. 2. The lake is situated in South Sudan along the eastern fringe of the Sahara desert. 3. The lake is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is also referred to as the ‘Jade Sea’. Select the answer using the code given below: a) 1 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 3
UPSC Prelims 2026 World Geography
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60
At the United Nations Ocean Conference (UNOC) held in June, 2025 in France, the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations demonstrated its leading voice on marine and ocean issues, especially on sustainable fisheries and aquaculture for resilient livelihood and “Blue Transformation”. Which of the following combinations about the “Four Betters” proposed by FAO for “Blue Transformation” is correct? a) Better production, better nutrition, better environment and better ocean b) Better production, better nutrition, better environment and better life c) Better coral reefs, better nutrition, better environment and better life d) Better estuaries, better nutrition, better environment and better mangrove vegetation
UPSC Prelims 2026 Environment
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61
Which one of the following statements with regard to the Moidams, built by the Tai-Ahom kingdom and inscribed as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, is/are correct? 1. They acted as army fortresses. 2. They were recreation centres of the Royals and Nobles. 3. They were burial grounds of the Royals and Nobles. 4. They were battle drill centres of the Royals and Nobles. Select the answer using the code given below: a) 1 only b) 1 and 3 c) 3 only d) 2 and 4
UPSC Prelims 2026 Art and Culture
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62
Which of the following geographical features or phenomena is/are associated with the Peninsular Block of India? 1. Submergence of parts of the western coast due to tectonic activity 2. Presence of residual mountain ranges such as the Veliconda hills and Mahendragiri hills 3. Deep, V-shaped river valleys formed by fast-flowing rivers Select the answer using the code given below: a) 1 only b) 1 and 2 c) 2 and 3 d) 3 only
UPSC Prelims 2026 Indian Geography
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63
With reference to the climate of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The climate can be defined as a humid, tropical coastal climate. 2. It receives rainfall from both South-west monsoon and North-east monsoon. 3. Maximum precipitation is between December and May. Select the answer using the code given below: a) 1 only b) 1 and 2 c) 2 and 3 d) 3 only
UPSC Prelims 2026 Indian Geography
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64
With reference to Madhav National Park, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. It was declared a Tiger Reserve in India in 2025. 2. Sakhya Sagar, which is designated as a Ramsar Site, is situated within this National Park. 3. Its area is shared between Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Select the answer using the code given below: a) 1 only b) 1 and 2 c) 2 and 3 d) 3 only
UPSC Prelims 2026 Environment
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65
Tungurahua Volcano, which was declared a Global Geopark by UNESCO in 2025, is situated in which one among the following countries? a) Ecuador b) Peru c) Bolivia d) Colombia
UPSC Prelims 2026 World Geography
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66
Consider the following statements about the Rigvedic period: I. Irrigation from wells allowed agriculture to expand away from flood plains and strips on river margins into the present Punjab and Haryana plains having underground water levels reasonably close to the surface. II. Draught-animal power was employed to draw up water out of the wells. Which of the following information support/supports the above statements? 1. There is evidence in the Rigveda of the use of ashma chakra (stone pulley wheel) and ahava (strapped wooden pails) to draw up water. 2. Mention has been made in the Rigveda of the use of implements like parashu/kulisha (axe) and datra/sreni (sickle). 3. There is a history of the use of ox, even before the Rigveda, for ploughing the land and pulling the carts. Select the answer using the code given below: a) 1 and 2 only b) 1, 2 and 3 c) 1 and 3 only d) 3 only
UPSC Prelims 2026 Ancient History
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67
Which one of the following statements about the Eka Movement and Bardoli Satyagraha is correct? a) The Eka Movement was throughout supported and organized by the Congress while Bardoli Satyagraha was initially independent of Congress influence and was only in the last stages supported by the Congress. b) The Eka Movement was provided leadership by the taluqdars of Awadh, whereas the Bardoli Satyagraha was a movement of the landless labourers. c) The Bardoli Satyagraha was a campaign against the enhancement of land revenue, while the Eka Movement protested against excessive extraction of rents. d) The Eka Movement was located in the Varanasi and Mirzapur districts of the present-day U.P., while the Bardoli Satyagraha took place in Saurashtra.
UPSC Prelims 2026 Modern History
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68
Consider the following statements about the archaeological findings in Harappan towns: I. There is wide occurrence of spindle-whorls in the houses but absence of spinning wheels. II. Weights and measurement scales, complete with graduations have been discovered. III. There are houses built in large part with baked bricks, around relatively spacious courtyards, with their own wells, bathing platforms, and large rooms. Which of the following inferences can be drawn from the above statements? 1. Statement I suggests that spinning was a laborious activity done at home. 2. Statement II suggests the extent of the scientific knowledge that the Harappans possessed. 3. Statement III suggests the emergence of a common property system. Select the answer using the code given below: a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 3
UPSC Prelims 2026 Ancient History
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69
Consider the following statements relating to the use of the place-value system in India: 1. The earliest epigraphic use of the place-value system in India is found in the Mankani plates from Gujarat (AD 595-596). 2. In the ninth century, place-values become general in inscriptions all over India. 3. The place-values have been found in Sanskrit inscriptions in South-east Asia as early as the seventh century. Which of the statements given above are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 3
UPSC Prelims 2026 Ancient History
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70
The Hallisalasya painting in the Bagh Caves represents: a) A joyous folk dance b) Buddha in a meditative pose c) The depiction of Shiva and Parvati on Kailasha d) Samudramanthan (Churning of the Ocean)
UPSC Prelims 2026 Art and Culture
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71
Among the four main forms of existence of life recognized in Jainism, which one of the following is not included? a) Deva (gods) b) Yaksha (demi-gods) c) Manushya (humans) d) Tiryancha (animals and plants)
UPSC Prelims 2026 Ancient History
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72
Which of the following temples has/have a Nagara-style shikhara? 1. Malegitti Shivalaya, Badami 2. Huchimalligudi Temple, Aihole 3. Dashavatara Temple, Deogarh 4. Virupaksha Temple, Pattadakal Select the answer using the code given below: a) 1 and 2 b) 2 and 3 c) 3 only d) 3 and 4
UPSC Prelims 2026 Art and Culture
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73
Consider the following statements: I. Pali texts contain the first definite references to coins, e.g., kahapana, nikkha, kamsa, and kakanika. II. The literary evidence from Pali texts is corroborated by archaeological evidence of punch-marked coins from many sites, most of them made of silver. The above statements have been associated with which of the following? 1. Emergence of urban life 2. Transition to money economy Select the answer using the code given below: a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2
UPSC Prelims 2026 Ancient History
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74
The artificially fixed rupee-sterling exchange rate prescribed by the Hilton-Young Commission (1926) was adopted by the British Government for which one of the following reasons? a) Aiding the flow of remittances from India and maintaining India's creditworthiness b) Providing support to Indian importers c) Encouraging export of cotton produce from India d) Preventing depreciation of the Rupee in terms of gold
UPSC Prelims 2026 Modern History
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75
Which one of the following Carnatic music ragas is similar to Raga Bilawal in Hindustani music? a) Nat Bhairavi b) Kamavardhini c) Hanumatodi d) Dheera Shankarabharanam
UPSC Prelims 2026 Art and Culture
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