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# Question & Answer
4276
Can mergers be exempted under the Anti-Defection Law? - Yes, if two-thirds of members of a party merge with another party
4277
What acts constitute defection under the Anti-Defection Law? - Voluntarily giving up party membership or voting against party directives without permission
4278
Who can disqualify a member for defection? - The Chairman or Speaker of the House
4279
Under which law is the Anti-Defection Law enacted? - Tenth Schedule of the Constitution (52nd Amendment, 1985)
4280
What is the Anti-Defection Law? - Law to prevent elected members from switching parties and destabilizing governments
4281
What is the term for the maximum tenure of a legislative body? - Five years for Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies
4282
Who decides the symbol for a political party? - Election Commission of India
4283
What are recognized political parties? - National and state parties recognized by the Election Commission based on electoral performance
4284
Can political parties be registered with the Election Commission? - Yes, to contest elections and receive recognition
4285
Which Article gives the Election Commission the power to conduct free and fair elections? - Article 324
4286
Who supervises elections in India? - The Election Commission of India
4287
Which Article of the Constitution provides for the formation of political parties? - Not explicitly mentioned; political parties are recognized under Representation of the People Act, 1951
4288
Can constitutional amendments change the powers of the President or Governor? - Yes, but federal principles must be respected
4289
Can an amendment be repealed? - Yes, by passing another amendment in accordance with Article 368
4290
Can amendments affect reservation policies? - Yes, as in 77th, 81st, and 95th Amendments
4291
Can amendments impact emergency provisions? - Yes, as in the 44th Amendment which modified emergency powers
4292
What is the difference between constitutional amendment and ordinary legislation? - Amendment alters the Constitution itself and requires special procedure; ordinary legislation changes laws under the Constitution
4293
Can the Parliament amend the process of amendment itself? - Yes, but within limits of the Basic Structure Doctrine
4294
Can amendments be challenged in the Supreme Court? - Yes, under Article 13 and judicial review
4295
Can amendments alter the term of the Lok Sabha or state assemblies? - Yes, subject to the Basic Structure Doctrine
4296
Which amendment introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST)? - 101st Amendment, 2016
4297
Which was the first Constitutional Amendment? - 1st Amendment, 1951 (land reform and freedom of speech limitations)
4298
Can the Constitution be amended to change the directive principles? - Yes, through amendments like 42nd, 86th, and 97th
4299
Can the Constitution be amended to change Fundamental Duties? - Yes, as in the 42nd Amendment
4300
Can Parliament amend the Preamble? - Yes, as in the 42nd Amendment (adding words like “Socialist” and “Secular”)