GS One‑Liners

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5107 facts
5107 results
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# Question & Answer
4126
What is the critical angle? - The minimum angle of incidence in the denser medium for which TIR occurs
4127
What is total internal reflection (TIR)? - Complete reflection of light inside a denser medium when incidence angle exceeds critical angle
4128
What is the refractive index? - Ratio of speed of light in vacuum to speed of light in a medium, n = c/v
4129
What is refraction of light? - Bending of light when it passes from one medium to another
4130
What is the law of reflection? - Angle of incidence equals angle of reflection, and incident ray, reflected ray, and normal lie in the same plane
4131
What is reflection of light? - Bouncing back of light from a surface
4132
What is the nature of light? - Light exhibits both wave and particle properties (wave-particle duality)
4133
How does sound propagate in different media? - Faster in solids, slower in gases, intermediate in liquids
4134
How do thermodynamics laws apply to engines and refrigerators? - First law: energy conservation; Second law: efficiency limits, heat flow direction
4135
How is work done by a gas in thermodynamics calculated? - W = PΔV, pressure × change in volume
4136
Can phase changes occur without temperature change? - Yes, as in melting, boiling, or condensation
4137
How is specific heat capacity used in calorimetry? - To calculate heat exchange and temperature change in experiments
4138
How does heat transfer differ in solids, liquids, and gases? - Conduction dominates in solids, convection in liquids and gases, radiation occurs in all mediums
4139
What are applications of infrasound? - Detection of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and monitoring animal communication
4140
What is infrasound? - Sound waves with frequency below 20 Hz, below human hearing
4141
What are applications of ultrasound? - Medical imaging, cleaning, sonar, and industrial flaw detection
4142
What is ultrasound? - Sound waves with frequency above 20 kHz, beyond human hearing
4143
Give an example of the Doppler Effect in daily life. - Ambulance siren sounds higher-pitched as it approaches and lower-pitched as it moves away
4144
What is the Doppler Effect? - Change in frequency or pitch of a sound due to relative motion between source and observer
4145
What is the speed of sound in air at room temperature? - Approximately 343 m/s
4146
What determines the quality of a sound? - Harmonic content and waveform of the sound
4147
What determines the loudness of a sound? - Amplitude of the sound wave
4148
What determines the pitch of a sound? - Frequency of the sound wave
4149
What are the characteristics of sound? - Pitch, Loudness, and Quality (Timbre)
4150
What is a sound wave? - Longitudinal wave caused by vibration of particles in a medium