GS One‑Liners

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# Question & Answer
3051
How are metamorphic rocks formed? - By the transformation of existing rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic) due to intense heat and pressure.
3052
What is the general term for all processes that break down rocks at or near the Earth's surface? - Weathering.
3053
What is the term for a natural material that holds sedimentary grains together? - Cement (e.g., silica, calcite, iron oxide).
3054
What is the process by which water is squeezed out of sediments during compaction? - Compaction.
3055
What is a major example of an organic sedimentary rock formed from ancient plant material? - Coal.
3056
What is the most common organic sedimentary rock, often composed of compressed shells and skeletons? - Limestone.
3057
What type of sedimentary rock is formed from the remains of plants and animals? - Organic or Biogenic Sedimentary Rock.
3058
What is an example of a chemically formed sedimentary rock? - Rock Salt (Halite) or Gypsum.
3059
What type of sedimentary rock is formed from the precipitation of minerals from solution? - Chemical Sedimentary Rock.
3060
What is an example of a fine-grained clastic sedimentary rock? - Shale (or Mudstone).
3061
What is an example of a clastic sedimentary rock with large, rounded pebbles? - Conglomerate.
3062
What type of sedimentary rock is formed from compacted and cemented fragments of other rocks? - Clastic or Detrital.
3063
What are the three main categories of sedimentary rocks? - Clastic, Chemical, and Organic (or Biogenic).
3064
What is the most common and distinguishing feature of sedimentary rocks? - Stratification (layers or bedding) and the presence of fossils.
3065
What is the process of turning sediments into solid rock called? - Lithification.
3066
How are sedimentary rocks formed? - By the deposition and cementation of rock fragments (sediments).
3067
What is the term for the large, bubble-filled extrusive rock that is light enough to float on water? - Pumice.
3068
What are the solid fragments of volcanic material ejected into the air called? - Pyroclastic material (or Tephra).
3069
What is the primary igneous rock constituent of the continental crust? - Granite.
3070
What is the basic igneous rock that makes up most of the oceanic crust? - Basalt.
3071
What is the largest type of intrusive igneous rock mass? - Batholith.
3072
What is a tabular intrusive rock body that runs parallel to the structure of the surrounding rock? - Sill.
3073
What is a tabular intrusive rock body that cuts across the structure of the surrounding rock? - Dyke (or Dike).
3074
Which type of igneous rock has fine-grained or glassy texture due to rapid cooling? - Extrusive (Volcanic).
3075
Which type of igneous rock has large crystals due to slow cooling? - Intrusive (Plutonic).