GS One‑Liners
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5107
facts
5107
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Latest facts first
| # | Question & Answer |
|---|---|
| 3051 |
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
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By the transformation of existing rocks (igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic) due to intense heat and pressure.
|
| 3052 |
What is the general term for all processes that break down rocks at or near the Earth's surface?
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Weathering.
|
| 3053 |
What is the term for a natural material that holds sedimentary grains together?
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Cement (e.g., silica, calcite, iron oxide).
|
| 3054 |
What is the process by which water is squeezed out of sediments during compaction?
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Compaction.
|
| 3055 |
What is a major example of an organic sedimentary rock formed from ancient plant material?
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Coal.
|
| 3056 |
What is the most common organic sedimentary rock, often composed of compressed shells and skeletons?
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Limestone.
|
| 3057 |
What type of sedimentary rock is formed from the remains of plants and animals?
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Organic or Biogenic Sedimentary Rock.
|
| 3058 |
What is an example of a chemically formed sedimentary rock?
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Rock Salt (Halite) or Gypsum.
|
| 3059 |
What type of sedimentary rock is formed from the precipitation of minerals from solution?
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Chemical Sedimentary Rock.
|
| 3060 |
What is an example of a fine-grained clastic sedimentary rock?
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Shale (or Mudstone).
|
| 3061 |
What is an example of a clastic sedimentary rock with large, rounded pebbles?
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Conglomerate.
|
| 3062 |
What type of sedimentary rock is formed from compacted and cemented fragments of other rocks?
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Clastic or Detrital.
|
| 3063 |
What are the three main categories of sedimentary rocks?
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Clastic, Chemical, and Organic (or Biogenic).
|
| 3064 |
What is the most common and distinguishing feature of sedimentary rocks?
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Stratification (layers or bedding) and the presence of fossils.
|
| 3065 |
What is the process of turning sediments into solid rock called?
-
Lithification.
|
| 3066 |
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
-
By the deposition and cementation of rock fragments (sediments).
|
| 3067 |
What is the term for the large, bubble-filled extrusive rock that is light enough to float on water?
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Pumice.
|
| 3068 |
What are the solid fragments of volcanic material ejected into the air called?
-
Pyroclastic material (or Tephra).
|
| 3069 |
What is the primary igneous rock constituent of the continental crust?
-
Granite.
|
| 3070 |
What is the basic igneous rock that makes up most of the oceanic crust?
-
Basalt.
|
| 3071 |
What is the largest type of intrusive igneous rock mass?
-
Batholith.
|
| 3072 |
What is a tabular intrusive rock body that runs parallel to the structure of the surrounding rock?
-
Sill.
|
| 3073 |
What is a tabular intrusive rock body that cuts across the structure of the surrounding rock?
-
Dyke (or Dike).
|
| 3074 |
Which type of igneous rock has fine-grained or glassy texture due to rapid cooling?
-
Extrusive (Volcanic).
|
| 3075 |
Which type of igneous rock has large crystals due to slow cooling?
-
Intrusive (Plutonic).
|